Hamas struggles to fund its forces

[MIDDLE EAST] Hamas is grappling with its most acute financial crisis since seizing control of Gaza in 2007. The militant group's inability to pay its fighters and civil servants has intensified internal dissent and raised questions about its future governance of the Palestinian enclave.

Financial Strain and Salary Delays

Hamas has been unable to pay the salaries of approximately 50,000 public sector employees, including fighters from its Qassam Brigades, due to a significant drop in revenue and delays in foreign aid. A key source of funding, Qatari aid, has been inconsistent, with only partial payments received for the May payroll. This financial shortfall has led to widespread dissatisfaction among Hamas-affiliated personnel. Awni al-Basha, a Hamas-appointed deputy minister, acknowledged the escalating deficit and the challenges in meeting payroll commitments.

In recent months, attempts by Hamas to diversify its income sources have faltered. Efforts to collect higher taxes on goods entering Gaza from Israel and Egypt have met with resistance from merchants and civilians already strained by poverty. The group has also tried to regulate informal sectors such as ride-sharing and street vendors, but these measures have yielded limited results and have been criticized for further burdening the population.

Impact of Regional Blockades

The economic situation has been exacerbated by stringent blockades imposed by Israel and Egypt. These measures have severely restricted the flow of goods and financial resources into Gaza, crippling local industries and increasing unemployment. The closure of smuggling tunnels, previously a vital economic lifeline, has further depleted Hamas's revenue streams.

Analysts point to Israel’s policy of economic containment—designed to weaken Hamas without collapsing Gaza entirely—as a contributing factor to the crisis. While humanitarian supplies are permitted, materials considered “dual-use,” such as construction equipment and certain electronics, are often restricted due to security concerns. This has complicated reconstruction projects and stymied local economic growth, creating a cycle of dependency on external aid.

Internal Dissent and Public Unrest

The financial hardships have led to public protests and criticism, even from Hamas's own supporters. Employees have expressed frustration over delayed salaries, with some resorting to strikes and public demonstrations. The group's popularity has waned, with internal polls indicating a significant decline in support among Gaza's population.

Sources within Gaza report that disillusionment is growing not only among civil servants but also within Hamas’s own military ranks. Some fighters, previously loyal to the organization, have reportedly voiced frustration over lack of compensation and inadequate living conditions. Analysts warn that sustained dissatisfaction among its armed wing could undermine internal cohesion, making the group more vulnerable to rival factions.

Challenges in Governance and Reconstruction

Despite these challenges, Hamas has attempted to maintain control over Gaza, deploying fighters and police to assert authority and manage the enclave's reconstruction. However, the extensive damage to infrastructure and the lack of sufficient resources have hindered effective governance and rebuilding efforts.

Meanwhile, international NGOs operating in Gaza have called for a decoupling of humanitarian assistance from political considerations. Many argue that the population’s suffering should not be compounded by funding delays or political gridlock involving Hamas. Donor countries, however, remain cautious, fearing that unrestricted aid could inadvertently strengthen a group designated as a terrorist organization by the United States, European Union, and others.

Regional and International Perspectives

The international community remains divided on the issue of Hamas's governance. While some view the group's continued rule as a stabilizing factor, others express concern over its capacity to govern effectively amidst the ongoing financial and humanitarian crises.

Hamas's severe financial difficulties are undermining its ability to govern Gaza effectively. Without substantial changes in regional policies and international support, the group's future in power remains uncertain, and the prospects for Gaza's recovery appear bleak.