Debt is playing a bigger role in how people choose jobs, says career expert

Not all career choices are about passion, purpose, or promotion. For millions of Americans, debt is increasingly calling the shots. A recent Zety survey shows that 38% of workers have taken on a second job to repay debt. Another 37% say they’ve accepted jobs outside their field—or that they weren’t interested in—just to meet their obligations. And this isn't a fringe group. The survey reflects decisions made by regular employees: professionals, support staff, freelancers.

The underlying issue? Many workers are not earning enough to cover both current living costs and outstanding liabilities. This financial pressure doesn’t just strain budgets—it reshapes what feels "possible" in our careers. Debt, in other words, is becoming a silent career architect. But with the right planning lens, it doesn’t have to stay that way.

Understanding the types and scale of debt helps clarify the career trade-offs people are making.

According to Zety:

• 71% of respondents have credit card debt, often with interest rates above 20%
• 37% hold mortgage debt
• 30% have auto loans, and
• 23% are managing student loan balances

While 37% owe less than $10,000, nearly 20% carry debt up to $25,000, and 10% are managing balances as high as $100,000.

These numbers matter because high monthly repayments reduce financial flexibility. If you're spending hundreds of dollars each month on interest and principal, you're less likely to risk a job switch, fund further education, or take a temporary income dip for a long-term gain. The cost isn’t just financial. It's strategic. It's emotional. It can quietly shrink the space for ambition.

When we talk about debt, we often focus on repayment strategies: snowball vs. avalanche, refinancing, consolidation. But there’s a different kind of disruption that deserves attention—career path distortion.

Here’s how it tends to play out:

• Delayed pivots: A marketing manager who wants to become a UX designer puts off retraining because she can’t afford to take a pay cut.
• Avoided entrepreneurship: A mid-career worker puts her business idea on hold because her monthly student loan bill makes income uncertainty too risky.
• Burnout risk: A full-time worker adds evening shifts or freelance gigs to meet minimum payments, eroding energy for future-focused planning.

These are not failures. They are rational choices given the constraints. But they are also patterns that can quietly erode long-term fulfillment if not addressed with clarity.

Instead of viewing debt as something to eliminate before making career decisions, it helps to reframe it as a variable to manage within your career strategy. Here’s a structured lens I often share with clients:

1. Define Your Debt Tier

Not all debt should carry the same emotional or strategic weight.

• Tier 1 – High-cost, short-term: Credit card debt above 15% APR
• Tier 2 – Moderate-cost, longer-term: Auto loans, personal loans under 10%
• Tier 3 – Low-cost, long-term investment-based: Student loans under 6%, mortgages under 5%

If your main constraint is Tier 1 debt, focus first on consolidation, rate negotiation, or fast payoff using a strict 50/30/20 budget. But if your debt is Tier 3, you may have more room to prioritize income growth—even if payoff takes longer.

This reframing reduces panic. Not all debt requires pause. Some just requires a plan.

2. Map Career Decisions to Debt Windows

It helps to visualize your timeline in two layers:

• Debt payoff horizon: How long until your balances are under control?
• Career value horizon: When could a new role, upskill, or pivot pay off?

If your payoff horizon is 2–3 years but your desired pivot could boost income by 30% in 12 months, the pivot may actually accelerate debt clearance. But if the new role stalls income or adds costs (e.g., tuition, relocation), it may require temporary deferral or buffer planning.

Planning is alignment. It’s not about all-clear signals—it’s about making informed trade-offs.

3. Adjust Your Income Structure

If your current role isn’t growing and your debt isn’t shrinking, consider redesigning your income system.

Ask:

• Can you negotiate for non-cash benefits that reduce personal costs (remote work, stipends, flex hours)?
• Is there a skill you already have that can generate better freelance or contract rates?
• Can you “upskill on salary” by switching to a better-paying company in your same industry?

Remember: A second job is not the only way to earn more. Sometimes, the path to higher income is sideways—not upward.

According to Indeed, 52% of US workers now have side hustles, many out of necessity. These additional jobs can help manage high-interest debt or build a savings cushion. But they also come with risk: fatigue, poor performance in your main job, or neglecting career development.

Before starting a second job, ask:

• Does it fit your physical and emotional bandwidth?
• Can it evolve into something more strategic, like a business or portfolio item?
• Does it take energy away from networking, learning, or applying for better roles?

If your side hustle feels like a life preserver, it may serve you for now. But over time, the goal should be a boat—not just flotation.

To move from reactive to strategic, start with these gentle but clarifying questions:

• Am I using short-term solutions (extra work) for long-term problems (wage stagnation)?
• Is my debt truly urgent—or just uncomfortable?
• If I had no debt, what career move would I make today?
• What’s one change I can make that reduces debt and improves future income?

Financial planning doesn’t mean doing everything at once. It means doing the next thing on purpose.

If you're navigating debt and career pressure at the same time, you’re not alone—and you’re not failing. But clarity must come before motion. Otherwise, you risk mistaking movement for progress. Your debt is a real factor. But it doesn’t get to be the author of your career story. A well-built plan returns the pen to your hand. Start with what you can control: your time, your income layers, your next decision. Then build from there—on your timeline, with your goals in view.

It’s easy to feel like working more is the only option. But long-term freedom doesn’t come from exhaustion—it comes from alignment. That means asking whether your efforts today are buying you more than just temporary relief. Are they building toward a different financial picture six months from now? A more flexible career five years from now?

Sometimes, the most strategic move isn’t grinding harder—it’s pausing to reframe your plan, renegotiate your worth, or let go of short-term tactics that no longer serve you. Progress doesn’t always look fast. But if it’s rooted in intention, it compounds. Start small. Stay honest. And remember: hustle is only productive when it points in the right direction.