How to handle your cat's bad breath and loss of appetite

[WORLD] As a cat owner, you may have noticed that your cat’s breath has a less-than-pleasant odor or that your feline companion is not eating as usual. These could be signs of an underlying dental problem. Cats are notorious for hiding discomfort, so it’s essential to keep a close eye on their health and recognize symptoms that could indicate issues such as gum disease, tooth decay, or more serious conditions.

In this article, we’ll explore the signs of dental problems in cats, why bad breath and loss of appetite can be indicative of a dental issue, and the steps you can take to address your cat’s oral health.

Signs of Feline Dental Problems

Cats can develop various dental issues, with some being more severe than others. However, the early signs of dental problems can often be subtle. Understanding the signs to look out for is crucial for early intervention. Some common dental problems in cats include periodontal disease, gingivitis, tooth decay, and abscesses. Here are the signs you should watch for:

1. Bad Breath (Halitosis)

Bad breath in cats, also known as halitosis, is one of the first signs of dental issues. If your cat’s breath smells particularly foul, it’s not something to ignore. A little bit of "cat" smell is normal, but if it’s overpowering or smells like rotten food, it could indicate the presence of dental disease or even infection.

2. Loss of Appetite

If your cat has suddenly stopped eating or is eating much less than usual, it could be a sign of pain in the mouth due to dental issues. Cats with tooth pain or gum inflammation may find chewing painful or uncomfortable, leading them to avoid food. If your cat is also drooling or pawing at its mouth, this could further point to oral discomfort.

3. Pawing at the Mouth or Face

If your cat is frequently pawing at its mouth, face, or rubbing its face on furniture or walls, it could be trying to relieve discomfort caused by dental pain. This behavior can be an obvious sign that your cat is feeling unwell and may be dealing with issues such as toothaches or gum problems.

4. Excessive Drooling or Dribbling

Drooling in cats is generally abnormal and can indicate pain or discomfort in the mouth, throat, or teeth. If your cat is drooling excessively, it might be trying to deal with an infected tooth, an abscess, or severe gingivitis. Excessive saliva production is a clear indicator that something’s wrong.

5. Swollen or Bleeding Gums

If you notice any redness, swelling, or bleeding of your cat’s gums, it could be a sign of gingivitis, which is inflammation of the gums caused by the accumulation of plaque and tartar. Gingivitis can progress into periodontal disease, which may lead to tooth loss if not treated. Always check your cat's mouth for visible signs of inflammation or bleeding.

6. Behavioral Changes

If your cat is hiding more than usual or appears irritable, these could be signs that it is in pain. Cats are excellent at hiding their discomfort, but a sudden change in behavior can sometimes be linked to dental issues. Cats experiencing tooth pain may also become less active or more reclusive as they try to avoid any triggers that exacerbate their condition.

7. Changes in Eating Habits

Your cat may begin to refuse dry food, only eating wet food, or may chew more cautiously. If your cat seems to be favoring one side of its mouth or is having difficulty chewing, it could be a sign of tooth decay or an infected tooth. Pay attention to any changes in your cat's eating behavior.

Why Do Cats Get Dental Problems?

Cats, like humans, are prone to dental issues as they age. The most common dental problem in cats is periodontal disease, which affects the gums and the structures surrounding the teeth. Periodontal disease is caused by the accumulation of plaque and tartar, which can eventually lead to infection, gum recession, and tooth loss.

Some factors that contribute to dental problems in cats include:

Genetics: Some breeds of cats are more prone to dental issues than others. For instance, Persians and Siamese cats are more likely to experience dental problems.

Diet: A diet high in soft or wet food may contribute to dental disease, as it doesn’t help in the natural cleaning of your cat’s teeth. Dry food may assist in scraping off some plaque, but it is not a guarantee against dental problems.

Poor Oral Hygiene: Just like humans, cats need their teeth cleaned. If your cat’s teeth are not regularly cared for, plaque and tartar will build up, eventually causing gum disease and other dental issues.

Age: Older cats are more likely to suffer from dental problems, as the wear and tear on their teeth and gums accumulate over the years.

What to Do If Your Cat Has Bad Breath and Won’t Eat

If you notice that your cat has bad breath and isn’t eating, it’s important to take action. Below are the steps you should follow:

1. Visit the Veterinarian

The first and most crucial step is to take your cat to the vet for a professional evaluation. A veterinarian will be able to assess the condition of your cat's teeth and gums, perform a thorough dental examination, and diagnose the cause of the symptoms. If necessary, your vet may recommend an x-ray to check for any hidden dental issues like abscesses or tooth fractures.

2. Dental Cleaning and Treatment

If your cat is diagnosed with periodontal disease, gingivitis, or any other dental issue, your vet will likely recommend a professional cleaning. This cleaning will remove plaque and tartar buildup, which may be causing the bad breath and gum problems. In severe cases, extractions may be required, especially if your cat has decayed or infected teeth.

3. Medication for Pain or Infection

If there is an infection or abscess present, your vet may prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection and pain relievers to ease your cat’s discomfort. It’s essential to follow the veterinarian’s instructions carefully when administering any medication.

4. At-Home Oral Care Routine

Once your cat’s dental problem is treated, it’s important to maintain its oral health through regular at-home care. Brushing your cat’s teeth is the best way to prevent plaque buildup and reduce the risk of dental disease. Use a soft toothbrush and toothpaste formulated for cats, and aim to brush your cat’s teeth several times a week. You can also ask your vet about other oral care products, such as dental treats or water additives that help reduce plaque.

5. Dietary Changes

Switching your cat’s diet to include more teeth-friendly food can make a significant difference in its oral health. Dry kibble can help scrub the teeth, and there are specially formulated dental diets available that can help keep plaque and tartar at bay. Additionally, feeding your cat high-quality wet food can support its overall health, but be sure to incorporate regular dental care practices.

Bad breath and a loss of appetite are clear signs that something is amiss with your cat’s oral health. If your feline companion is exhibiting these symptoms, it’s important to act quickly. The earlier you catch dental issues, the better the chances of preventing more severe problems such as infections, tooth loss, and chronic pain. Always consult with your vet to ensure your cat receives the proper treatment and advice on maintaining good oral hygiene. With the right care, your cat’s dental health can be preserved, ensuring a happy, comfortable, and healthy life for your feline friend.