How to make smart money moves in 2025

[UNITED STATES] With high interest rates, persistent inflation, and market volatility defining today’s economy, making major financial decisions—from buying a home to investing in stocks—requires a more calculated approach than ever. Americans can navigate key financial choices in the current climate, balancing risk and opportunity.

Recent Federal Reserve projections suggest that while rate cuts may be on the horizon in late 2025, borrowing costs are likely to remain elevated for the foreseeable future. This has led many economists to advise consumers to factor in higher-for-longer rates when planning major purchases or refinancing existing debt. “The era of ultra-low interest rates is behind us,” notes Michelle Meyer, U.S. chief economist at Mastercard Economics Institute. “Adjusting expectations now can prevent financial strain down the road.”

Key Financial Strategies in 2025

Pause Before Taking on New Debt

With mortgage rates hovering near two-decade highs and consumer credit costs surging, financial experts urge caution when borrowing. Homebuyers are reconsidering the traditional spring buying season, and many are opting to wait in hopes of better affordability later in the year.

The housing market has seen a notable shift, with inventory levels slowly improving but still below pre-pandemic norms. Real estate analysts point out that while waiting could lead to lower rates, competition may intensify once the Fed signals a clearer easing cycle, potentially offsetting gains. “Timing the market is tricky,” says Lawrence Yun, chief economist at the National Association of Realtors. “Focus on your personal readiness rather than trying to predict the perfect moment.”

“It’s not the best time to stretch your budget,” said Greg McBride, chief financial analyst at Bankrate.

Rethink Big-Ticket Spending

Consumers are delaying discretionary purchases, such as cars or home renovations, as inflation keeps everyday costs elevated. A key takeaway: Focus on needs over wants until economic indicators stabilize.

Leverage High-Yield Savings Options

Interest rates may hurt borrowers, but they’re a boon for savers. Certificates of deposit (CDs), Treasury bonds, and high-yield savings accounts are offering returns not seen in over a decade—some exceeding 5%.

However, not all savings vehicles are created equal. Online banks and credit unions often provide more competitive rates than traditional brick-and-mortar institutions. Additionally, laddering CDs—spreading investments across multiple maturity dates—can help savers capitalize on rate fluctuations while maintaining liquidity. “Savers should shop around and avoid leaving cash in low-interest accounts,” advises Ken Tumin, founder of DepositAccounts.com.

Invest With Caution and Clarity

Stock market volatility has made long-term investing nerve-wracking. WSJ’s guide suggests reviewing your portfolio to ensure it reflects your current financial goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon. Experts advise keeping emotions in check and resisting the urge to time the market.

“It’s a good time to rebalance and not panic,” said Maria Bruno, head of U.S. wealth planning research at Vanguard.

Consider Tax-Advantaged Moves

Review tax-withholding settings, maximize contributions to retirement accounts like IRAs and 401(k)s, and consult a tax advisor for optimizing deductions—especially in high-earning households.

The SECURE 2.0 Act, passed in late 2022, continues to reshape retirement planning with provisions like higher catch-up contribution limits and delayed required minimum distributions (RMDs). These changes offer savers more flexibility, but navigating them requires up-to-date knowledge. “Many people overlook these updates and miss out on opportunities to grow their nest egg,” says Ed Slott, a CPA and retirement tax expert.

What the Economic Data Shows

Mortgage rates: As of April 2025, the average 30-year fixed rate is over 6.7%, significantly higher than pre-pandemic levels.

Inflation: While down from its 2022 peak, inflation remains sticky in sectors like food and housing.

Savings returns: Treasury bills and money market accounts are yielding between 4.5% and 5.3%, offering rare low-risk return opportunities.

Expert Perspectives: Balancing Emotion and Strategy

Many Americans are grappling with financial anxiety. However, experts consistently urge consumers to avoid knee-jerk reactions and instead focus on long-term goals. Whether you're a first-time investor or nearing retirement, the guidance is the same: Know your numbers, set clear goals, and stay disciplined.

“The worst decisions often happen when we let fear or euphoria drive our choices,” said Christine Benz, director of personal finance at Morningstar.

In 2025, managing personal finances is no longer just about budgeting—it’s about navigating a complex, shifting economic environment. By staying informed and adopting a measured, long-term approach, individuals can make confident financial decisions that safeguard their future, even during uncertain times.